QHSE Glossary — 121 Terms Explained
Understand a term, check its scope, then use it in a requirements brief or software evaluation. Search 121 definitions, including examples and primary-source links for selected terms.
Regulatory entries identify a framework, not a determination that it applies to your organisation. Check the jurisdiction, activity, reporting period and applicable version in the linked source.
Examples are suggested evaluation tasks, not evidence that a product meets a requirement.
Terms shown: 121 of 121
5
5 Whys
A technique that asks “why” repeatedly, often about five times, to move from a symptom towards a cause the team can act on and check.
Scope: Five is a rule of thumb, and each answer is a hypothesis until evidence supports it.
A
ALARP
As Low As Reasonably Practicable — UK principle weighing a risk against the money, time and trouble of reducing it; case law looks for gross disproportion.
Scope: This is not a simple equal-cost comparison or a software-generated acceptance score.
Sources checked: . Examples are editorial illustrations.
ATEX
Two EU directives addressing explosive atmospheres: 1999/92/EC concerns worker protection; 2014/34/EU concerns equipment and protective systems.
Scope: Applicability depends on the atmosphere, work and equipment involved, rather than the industry label alone.
Example for your evaluation: Ask which equipment classifications and inspection records your site needs to retain.
Sources checked: . Examples are editorial illustrations.
Audit Management
Planning and conducting audits, recording findings and following up responses against defined criteria.
Scope: An audit's scope and criteria determine the evidence needed; a completed checklist does not by itself establish conformity.
Example for your evaluation: Track a finding from its cited requirement through owner response and verification.
B
B Corp
Certification by B Lab for for-profit companies meeting verified standards of social and environmental performance, public transparency, and legal accountability. Increasingly adopted by ESG-focused firms.
Related guideBBS
Behaviour-based safety — observing work practices and giving feedback to improve safe working, used alongside controls on equipment and conditions.
Scope: Use observations alongside equipment design, working conditions and organisational controls; observation counts alone do not establish safer work.
Example for your evaluation: Ask a vendor to record an observation, a contributing work condition and the resulting action.
Sources checked: . Examples are editorial illustrations.
Bowtie Analysis
A visual risk-assessment method showing the causes (left side), the top event (center), and consequences with mitigations (right side). Widely used in process safety and major-hazard industries.
Related guideC
CAPA
Corrective and Preventive Action — a process for investigating actual or potential problems, assigning actions and checking their effectiveness.
Scope: A correction resolves an immediate problem; corrective action addresses its causes. The applicable quality system determines terminology and required records.
Example for your evaluation: Follow a sample defect from correction to cause analysis, action owner and effectiveness review.
CBAM
Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism — the EU framework addressing embedded emissions in specified imported goods, applying in its definitive regime from 2026.
Scope: Confirm commodity coverage, thresholds, importer duties and the relevant reporting period.
Sources checked: . Examples are editorial illustrations.
CDM Regulations
Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015 — duties for managing health and safety through construction projects in Great Britain.
Scope: Duties depend on the party's role. Northern Ireland has separate regulations.
Example for your evaluation: Identify the client, designer and contractor roles before defining software permissions.
Sources checked: . Examples are editorial illustrations.
Confined Space
An enclosed or largely enclosed space, not designed for continuous occupancy, where entry can expose workers to risks such as fire, asphyxiation or drowning.
Scope: UK and US definitions differ: the UK ties it to specified risks, US OSHA to limited entry or exit and a separate permit-required class. Check the applicable regime.
Example for your evaluation: Ask how a demonstration records the avoidance decision, test readings and entrant count for one entry.
- HSE: introduction to working in confined spaces (opens in a new tab)
- OSHA: 29 CFR 1910.146, permit-required confined spaces (opens in a new tab)
Sources checked: . Examples are editorial illustrations.
Contractor Management
Coordinating contractor selection, work preparation, access, responsibilities and performance during a contract.
Scope: Required records and responsibilities depend on the work, site and applicable rules.
Example for your evaluation: Ask how an expired qualification affects a sample contractor's review and site-access decision.
COSHH
Control of Substances Hazardous to Health — a workplace framework for assessing and controlling exposure to harmful substances.
Scope: COSHH and REACH can both apply. They address different duties and are not interchangeable with US hazard-communication requirements.
Example for your evaluation: Check that a chemical assessment records the actual task and exposure, alongside the supplier's SDS.
Sources checked: . Examples are editorial illustrations.
CSDDD
Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence Directive — the EU framework for covered companies' human-rights and environmental due diligence.
Scope: Check the amended scope, national implementation and application dates; due diligence is distinct from CSRD reporting.
Sources checked: . Examples are editorial illustrations.
CSRD
Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive — the EU legislative framework for sustainability reporting by entities within its scope, using ESRS.
Scope: Confirm the applicable legal text, financial year and national implementation; historic company counts and wave labels are not an eligibility test.
Example for your evaluation: Record the entity, reporting period and applicability decision before selecting software disclosures.
Sources checked: . Examples are editorial illustrations.
CSRD Wave 1
Historical label for the first CSRD reporting cohort, which began with financial-year 2024 information.
Scope: Use current applicability rules for later reporting periods.
Sources checked: . Examples are editorial illustrations.
CSRD Wave 2
Historical label for a later cohort of large-company CSRD reporters.
Scope: The original timetable was postponed. The label alone does not establish current eligibility or the first reporting year.
Sources checked: . Examples are editorial illustrations.
CSRD Wave 3
Historical label for the cohort that included listed SMEs under the original CSRD timetable.
Scope: Check subsequent scope and timing amendments before using an old wave chart.
Sources checked: . Examples are editorial illustrations.
D
DART Rate
Days Away, Restricted or Transferred rate — qualifying cases multiplied by 200,000, divided by hours worked, using the US incidence-rate convention.
Scope: Keep the population, period and case definitions consistent when comparing rates.
Double Materiality
Assessment of both an organisation's impacts on people and the environment and sustainability matters with financial effects on the organisation.
Scope: Under ESRS, a matter can be material from either perspective; it need not meet both.
Example for your evaluation: Keep the impact and financial assessments distinct, with evidence for each conclusion.
Sources checked: . Examples are editorial illustrations.
DSEAR
Dangerous Substances and Explosive Atmospheres Regulations 2002 — controls for fire, explosion and related dangerous-substance risks at work in Great Britain.
Scope: This safety framework is distinct from assessing health exposure under COSHH.
Sources checked: . Examples are editorial illustrations.
E
EHS
Environment, Health and Safety — the activities used to manage environmental effects and risks to people's health and safety at work.
Scope: EHS and HSE often describe similar functions. A product label does not define its modules or regulatory coverage.
Example for your evaluation: Use the same sample incident and environmental finding to compare candidate systems.
Sources checked: . Examples are editorial illustrations.
EMR
Experience Modification Rate: a workers' compensation rating factor comparing an employer's claim costs with expected costs for its classification.
Scope: Calculation periods and premium effects can differ between jurisdictions and plans; the pages opened describe no typical range.
- Washington Department of Labor and Industries: experience rating (opens in a new tab)
- California Division of Workers' Compensation: FAQs for employers (opens in a new tab)
Sources checked: . Examples are editorial illustrations.
EMS
Environmental Management System — the processes and records an organisation uses to manage its environmental impacts and duties, often built to ISO 14001.
Scope: A certificate or a software tool does not by itself show that the system works; check which edition of ISO 14001 a certificate names.
- ISO 14001:2026 product page (opens in a new tab)
- EPA: environmental management systems (opens in a new tab)
Sources checked: . Examples are editorial illustrations.
ESG
Environmental, Social and Governance — a grouping of topics used to assess an organisation's sustainability-related impacts, risks and practices.
Scope: ESG is not one standard or a single certification. Reporting rules and stakeholder requests differ.
Example for your evaluation: Specify the reporting framework and evidence needed for each requested metric.
ESRS
European Sustainability Reporting Standards — the EU standards for CSRD-scope companies, adopted by delegated act and revised in 2026.
Scope: Select the adopted version applicable to the reporting period; draft advice and implementation guidance have different status.
Sources checked: . Examples are editorial illustrations.
ESRS E1
The ESRS topical standard addressing climate change.
Scope: Apply the relevant version and materiality rules.
Sources checked: . Examples are editorial illustrations.
ESRS E2
The ESRS topical standard addressing pollution.
Scope: Apply the relevant version and materiality rules.
Sources checked: . Examples are editorial illustrations.
ESRS E3
The ESRS topical standard addressing water and marine resources.
Scope: Apply the relevant version and materiality rules.
Sources checked: . Examples are editorial illustrations.
ESRS E4
The ESRS topical standard addressing biodiversity and ecosystems.
Scope: Apply the relevant version and materiality rules.
Sources checked: . Examples are editorial illustrations.
ESRS E5
The ESRS topical standard addressing resource use and circular economy.
Scope: Apply the relevant version and materiality rules.
Sources checked: . Examples are editorial illustrations.
ESRS G1
The ESRS topical standard addressing business conduct.
Scope: Apply the relevant version and materiality rules.
Sources checked: . Examples are editorial illustrations.
ESRS S1
The ESRS topical standard addressing own workforce.
Scope: Own workforce can include specified non-employees; use the applicable version's definition.
Sources checked: . Examples are editorial illustrations.
EU Omnibus
An EU simplification package; Directives (EU) 2025/794 and 2026/470 changed CSRD scope and CSDDD timing and scope, and the ESRS were revised.
Scope: Check each adopted instrument and its effective dates; the umbrella label does not make all proposals law.
Sources checked: . Examples are editorial illustrations.
EU Taxonomy
The EU classification framework for assessing environmentally sustainable economic activities against six objectives and technical screening criteria.
Scope: An eligible activity is not automatically aligned; applicable criteria and disclosure duties require separate assessment.
Sources checked: . Examples are editorial illustrations.
F
Fault Tree Analysis
A top-down method that traces one undesired event to the combinations of faults and failures that could cause it, using logic gates.
Related guideFirst Aid Case
An injury or illness treated only with measures on OSHA's first aid list, which alone does not make a case recordable under 29 CFR 1904.7.
Scope: For US OSHA recordkeeping, check the specific first-aid list and all other recording criteria before classifying the case.
Sources checked: . Examples are editorial illustrations.
Fishbone Diagram
Also called an Ishikawa or cause-and-effect diagram: a chart grouping the possible causes of one problem under category branches for a team to test.
Scope: It lists possible causes; none of them is a finding until evidence supports it.
FMEA
Failure Mode and Effects Analysis — a structured review of how items or process steps could fail, what each failure causes and how it would be controlled.
Related guideG
GHG Protocol
A family of greenhouse-gas accounting standards and guidance for corporate, value-chain and other emissions inventories.
Scope: Specify which standard, boundary and version a calculation follows.
Sources checked: . Examples are editorial illustrations.
GHG Scope 1, 2 and 3
GHG inventory categories separating direct emissions, purchased-energy emissions and other value-chain emissions.
Scope: Define the reporting boundary before classifying sources; an activity's category depends on that boundary.
Example for your evaluation: Trace one purchased service to its activity data, method and recorded assumptions.
- GHG Protocol: Corporate Standard (opens in a new tab)
- GHG Protocol: Scope 2 Guidance (opens in a new tab)
- GHG Protocol: Corporate Value Chain Standard (opens in a new tab)
Sources checked: . Examples are editorial illustrations.
GHS
Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals — a UN framework for classifying chemical hazards and communicating them.
Scope: Legal obligations depend on how each jurisdiction adopts the framework.
Sources checked: . Examples are editorial illustrations.
GRI
Global Reporting Initiative — an organisation that develops standards for reporting an organisation's impacts on the economy, environment and people.
Sources checked: . Examples are editorial illustrations.
GRI 305
GRI's emissions-reporting standard, covering specified greenhouse-gas and other air emissions disclosures.
Scope: Requirement 1.2 and disclosures 305-1 to 305-5 transition to GRI 102: Climate Change 2025 from 1 January 2027. Check the applicable version and remaining disclosures.
Sources checked: . Examples are editorial illustrations.
H
HACCP
Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points — a structured approach to identifying, controlling and recording food-safety hazards.
Scope: Specific legal requirements vary by jurisdiction, product and activity. A HACCP software label does not establish compliance.
Sources checked: . Examples are editorial illustrations.
HAZOP
Hazard and Operability Study — a team method that applies guide words to process parameters to find deviations, their causes and their consequences.
Related guideHeat Illness Prevention
Measures for managing occupational heat exposure. On 4 October 2026 OSHA's federal heat rule was still a proposal; five states have their own heat laws.
Scope: Check current federal, state and local requirements. OSHA's rulemaking page distinguishes proposals from enforceable requirements.
- OSHA: heat rulemaking (opens in a new tab)
- OSHA: working in outdoor and indoor heat environments (opens in a new tab)
Sources checked: . Examples are editorial illustrations.
Hierarchy of Controls
An order for considering hazard controls: elimination, substitution, engineering controls, administrative controls and personal protective equipment.
Scope: Higher levels generally reduce reliance on individual behaviour; the task may require several controls.
Sources checked: . Examples are editorial illustrations.
HIRA
Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment — finding hazards, judging the risk each presents, choosing controls and recording the reasoning for later review.
Scope: The method, scales and records depend on the law, standard and activity concerned. A register of hazards alone is not an assessment.
Example for your evaluation: Follow one hazard from identification through scoring, controls, residual risk and review date.
HSE
Health, Safety & Environment — the functional area responsible for managing occupational health, workplace safety, and environmental compliance within an organization.
Related guideI
IFRS S1
ISSB requirements for disclosure of sustainability-related risks and opportunities relevant to users of general-purpose financial reports.
Sources checked: . Examples are editorial illustrations.
IFRS S1/S2
ISSB sustainability-disclosure standards: IFRS S1 addresses sustainability-related financial information and IFRS S2 addresses climate-related disclosures.
Scope: Adoption, effective dates and local modifications depend on the jurisdiction.
Sources checked: . Examples are editorial illustrations.
IFRS S2
ISSB requirements for climate-related financial disclosures, used with IFRS S1.
Scope: Check applicable amendments, transition reliefs and jurisdictional adoption.
Sources checked: . Examples are editorial illustrations.
IMS
Integrated Management System — coordinated policies, processes and records serving more than one management standard, such as quality, environment and safety.
Scope: Shared records can reduce duplication, but each applicable requirement still needs to be addressed.
Sources checked: . Examples are editorial illustrations.
Incident Investigation
A structured examination of an incident or near miss to establish what happened, why it happened and what changes would prevent it happening again.
Scope: Depth should follow potential consequences, not only the injury that resulted. Legal reporting is a separate decision.
Example for your evaluation: Follow one report from the original record through evidence, causes and actions to a check that the actions worked.
- HSE: HSG245, Investigating accidents and incidents (PDF) (opens in a new tab)
- OSHA: incident investigation (opens in a new tab)
Sources checked: . Examples are editorial illustrations.
Incident Management
The process of recording, reviewing and responding to incidents, including investigation, actions and follow-up.
Scope: Internal classification, legal recordkeeping and urgent regulatory reporting are separate decisions.
Example for your evaluation: Show the original report, reviewer changes and evidence that an assigned action was checked.
ISO 14001
An international standard specifying requirements for an environmental management system.
Scope: Confirm the applicable edition, environmental aspects and obligations for the organisation's scope.
Example for your evaluation: Ask how an environmental aspect is linked to controls, evidence and a responsible owner.
Sources checked: . Examples are editorial illustrations.
ISO 19011
International guidelines for auditing management systems: audit principles, programme management, audit conduct and auditor competence.
Scope: ISO 19011 is guidance and does not lead to certification; the 2026 edition replaced the 2018 edition.
Sources checked: . Examples are editorial illustrations.
ISO 31000
International standard of risk management guidelines: principles, a framework and a process for any organisation, whatever its size or sector.
Scope: ISO 31000:2018 gives guidelines and is not certifiable; ISO shows it as under revision.
Sources checked: . Examples are editorial illustrations.
ISO 45001
An international standard specifying requirements for an occupational health and safety management system.
Scope: Software can support records and workflows; certification concerns the management system and its defined scope.
Example for your evaluation: Follow a worker-reported hazard through consultation, control selection and review.
Sources checked: . Examples are editorial illustrations.
ISO 50001
An international standard specifying requirements for an energy management system and improvement of energy performance.
Scope: Confirm the applicable edition, boundaries and energy-performance measures.
Example for your evaluation: Trace a meter reading to a baseline, performance indicator and documented change.
Sources checked: . Examples are editorial illustrations.
ISO 9001
An international standard specifying requirements for a quality management system.
Scope: Using software does not certify an organisation. Confirm the applicable edition and certification scope.
Example for your evaluation: Trace a customer requirement through a nonconformity, corrective action and review.
Sources checked: . Examples are editorial illustrations.
J
JSA / JHA
Job Safety Analysis or Job Hazard Analysis — a task-based review of each work step, the hazards it involves and the controls chosen to manage them.
Scope: Use the actual task and working conditions, and review the analysis when relevant circumstances change.
Example for your evaluation: Show how a revised task is reviewed and communicated to the people doing the work.
Just Culture
A culture that tells human error, at-risk behaviour and reckless behaviour apart, and answers each with support, coaching or accountability as fits.
Scope: It does not remove accountability: the EU aviation definition still excludes gross negligence, wilful violations and destructive acts.
K
KPI
Key Performance Indicator — a defined QHSE measure, with a formula, period, owner and target, used to track an objective such as injury rate or audit closure.
Scope: Each KPI needs a written definition; rates calculated on different bases cannot be compared directly.
Sources checked: . Examples are editorial illustrations.
L
Lagging Indicator
A measure of outcomes that have already occurred, such as injuries, illnesses or days lost, used to judge whether past results met the goals set.
Scope: Use it with measures of control performance and reporting quality.
Sources checked: . Examples are editorial illustrations.
LCA
Life Cycle Assessment — a method for assessing a product's environmental impacts from raw materials to disposal, described in ISO 14040 and ISO 14044.
Scope: The ISO standards set a framework and phases, not the methods for each phase, so a result holds only for its stated goal, scope and data.
Sources checked: . Examples are editorial illustrations.
Leading Indicator
A measure of preventive activities or conditions, such as completion and quality of control checks, that shows whether safeguards are being applied.
Scope: A leading indicator does not by itself predict incidents. Reporting volume can change with participation or reporting culture.
Sources checked: . Examples are editorial illustrations.
LOPA
Layer of Protection Analysis — an order-of-magnitude method that tests whether independent protection layers make a hazard scenario tolerable.
Related guideLOTO
Lockout/Tagout — procedures for controlling hazardous energy during covered servicing and maintenance work.
Scope: US OSHA 1910.147 has defined scope and exceptions. A digital record supports the procedure but cannot perform physical energy isolation.
Example for your evaluation: Ask how a sample record preserves equipment identity, authorised roles and verification evidence.
Sources checked: . Examples are editorial illustrations.
LTIFR
Lost Time Injury Frequency Rate — lost-time injuries per defined number of hours worked, often per million hours, under a stated day-counting rule.
Scope: State the hours base (for example 200,000 or 1,000,000), the day-counting rule and the population before comparing sites or suppliers.
Example for your evaluation: Recalculate one site's cases under two stated conventions and note which figures change.
LTIR
Lost Time Incident Rate — a rate relating defined lost-time cases to hours worked.
Scope: The multiplier and definition vary between reporting systems. State them explicitly before comparing sites.
M
Management Review
Management Review — a planned review by top management of how well the management system is performing, with decisions and actions recorded.
Scope: The frequency, inputs and records depend on the standard or programme followed and on the organisation's own procedure.
Example for your evaluation: Follow one audit finding from the review input to the recorded decision and its closure.
Materiality Assessment
A process for determining which matters and information are material under a chosen reporting framework, and recording the reasoning for each decision.
Scope: Define the framework first; ESRS, investor-focused disclosures and other approaches use different perspectives.
Sources checked: . Examples are editorial illustrations.
MOC
Management of Change — review and control of proposed changes that may affect risks, operating conditions or responsibilities.
Scope: Apply the triggers and approvals required by the site's management system and relevant rules.
Example for your evaluation: Trace a temporary change from review and authorisation through expiry or permanent adoption.
Sources checked: . Examples are editorial illustrations.
MSDS
Material Safety Data Sheet — an older name for a document describing a chemical's hazards and handling information.
Scope: The SDS format and legal requirements depend on the applicable chemical regime; check document version and jurisdiction.
N
NCR
Nonconformance Report — a record of a failure to meet a specified requirement.
Scope: The issue's significance and applicable quality process determine whether correction, investigation or further action is needed.
Near Miss
An unplanned event with the potential for harm, where the relevant injury or damage did not occur.
Scope: Some events without injury are legally reportable dangerous occurrences. Check the relevant event category and jurisdiction.
Example for your evaluation: Record what happened and its potential severity separately from the actual outcome.
Sources checked: . Examples are editorial illustrations.
Net Zero
A target state in which residual emissions are balanced by removals within a defined boundary and period after deep emissions reductions.
Scope: Specify the gases, boundary, target standard and treatment of residual emissions; the phrase alone does not establish validation.
Sources checked: . Examples are editorial illustrations.
Non-conformance
A failure to meet a stated requirement of a product, process, document or legal obligation. ISO management system standards call it nonconformity.
Scope: Not every non-conformance needs corrective action: correction and action on the cause are separate decisions. Record the requirement that was not met.
Example for your evaluation: Raise one record from an audit finding and follow containment, cause, action and the effectiveness check.
Sources checked: . Examples are editorial illustrations.
O
OSHA
Occupational Safety and Health Administration — the US federal agency responsible for enforcing workplace safety regulations under the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970.
Related guideOSHA 300
The US OSHA log of work-related injuries and illnesses, kept with the 300A annual summary and the 301 incident report for each recordable case.
Scope: Routine recordkeeping exemptions exist; exemption from keeping a log does not remove every duty to report serious events.
Sources checked: . Examples are editorial illustrations.
OSHA NEP
OSHA National Emphasis Program: a temporary programme, set out in a directive, that aims OSHA's effort at a named hazard or high-hazard industry.
Scope: Check the current directive, scope and duration rather than assuming every example remains active.
Sources checked: . Examples are editorial illustrations.
P
PCAF
Partnership for Carbon Accounting Financials — global framework for financial institutions to measure and disclose financed emissions across asset classes.
Scope: The standard has separate parts and editions for financed, facilitated and insurance-associated emissions; name the part and edition used.
Sources checked: . Examples are editorial illustrations.
PFAS
Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances — a large class of synthetic chemicals with carbon-fluorine bonds that resist degradation and are increasingly regulated.
Scope: Rules differ by region and are changing; check the substances, the dates and the jurisdiction named in each requirement.
- ECHA: per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) (opens in a new tab)
- EPA: PFAS explained (opens in a new tab)
Sources checked: . Examples are editorial illustrations.
PHA
Process Hazard Analysis — a structured team examination of a process's hazards, possible consequences and safeguards, repeated on a fixed cycle.
Scope: The chosen technique and required review cycle depend on the applicable process-safety framework.
Sources checked: . Examples are editorial illustrations.
PPE
Personal Protective Equipment — equipment worn or held to protect a person against health or safety risks, used where other controls cannot remove the hazard.
Scope: Select it for the hazard and user, alongside other controls; it does not remove the hazard.
Sources checked: . Examples are editorial illustrations.
PSM
Process Safety Management — coordinated arrangements for preventing major process incidents involving hazardous substances.
Scope: In US OSHA usage, 29 CFR 1910.119 applies to specified covered processes, with thresholds and exclusions.
Example for your evaluation: Ask how a hazard-study finding is connected to actions, change records and supporting evidence.
Sources checked: . Examples are editorial illustrations.
PSSR
Pre-Startup Safety Review — a readiness review before a new or sufficiently modified process starts, as the US OSHA process safety rule requires.
Scope: For US OSHA PSM, the modification trigger relates to a change significant enough to require updated process-safety information.
Sources checked: . Examples are editorial illustrations.
PTW
Permit to Work — a formal process for authorising and coordinating specified work, its controls and handover.
Scope: A permit supports risk control; issuing one does not by itself make work safe or replace the risk assessment.
Example for your evaluation: Demonstrate how a changed work condition reaches the permit issuer and affected teams.
Sources checked: . Examples are editorial illustrations.
Q
QHSE
Quality, Health, Safety and Environment — the coordinated management of product or service quality, people's health and safety, and environmental effects.
Scope: Organisations may use ISO management systems, but the acronym is not itself a certification.
Example for your evaluation: Follow one finding across quality and safety teams without losing responsibility or evidence.
R
RCA
Root Cause Analysis — a method for finding the underlying causes of an incident or nonconformance, using techniques such as 5-Why, fishbone or fault trees.
Related guideREACH
Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals — an EU regulation whose duties depend on a company's role and activities.
Scope: Identify whether the organisation manufactures, imports or uses substances, and which specific obligations apply.
Sources checked: . Examples are editorial illustrations.
Recordable Incident
A work-related injury or illness that meets the applicable recording criteria, including qualifying outcomes or diagnoses, and so enters the injury log.
Scope: Under US OSHA rules, first-aid treatment alone does not decide recordability: other criteria may still apply.
Sources checked: . Examples are editorial illustrations.
RIDDOR
Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations — duties to report specified work-related events in Great Britain.
Scope: Apply the relevant event definition and reporting route; an internal incident report is not automatically a RIDDOR report.
Sources checked: . Examples are editorial illustrations.
S
SASB
Industry-based sustainability disclosure standards for 77 industries, maintained and enhanced by the ISSB within the IFRS Foundation.
Scope: They help identify industry-specific information; their use and legal status depend on the reporting framework.
Sources checked: . Examples are editorial illustrations.
SBTi
Science Based Targets initiative — an organisation developing standards and services for companies to set science-based emissions-reduction targets.
Scope: Distinguish a commitment, a submitted target and a validated target; check the applicable standard and validation status.
Sources checked: . Examples are editorial illustrations.
Scope 1 Emissions
Direct greenhouse-gas emissions from sources within an organisation's defined ownership or control boundary, such as fuel burned in owned boilers.
Example for your evaluation: A company-operated boiler may be a Scope 1 source under the selected boundary.
Sources checked: . Examples are editorial illustrations.
Scope 2 Emissions
Indirect greenhouse-gas emissions associated with purchased or acquired electricity, steam, heat and cooling consumed by the organisation.
Example for your evaluation: Retain the consumption record and emission-factor basis for a purchased electricity calculation.
Sources checked: . Examples are editorial illustrations.
Scope 3 Emissions
Other indirect greenhouse-gas emissions across an organisation's upstream and downstream value chain, outside its own operations and purchased energy.
Scope: Assess relevant categories and disclose the data and estimation methods used.
Example for your evaluation: Keep supplier activity data distinguishable from estimates and their assumptions.
Sources checked: . Examples are editorial illustrations.
Scope Boundaries
The organisational and operational limits used to decide which sources enter a greenhouse-gas inventory and how they are classified.
Scope: Document the consolidation approach and any changes that require recalculating the baseline.
Sources checked: . Examples are editorial illustrations.
SDS
Safety Data Sheet — supplier information on a chemical's hazards, safe handling, storage, emergency measures and protective measures for workplace use.
Scope: An SDS supports a workplace assessment; it is not the assessment itself. Supply requirements depend on the applicable regime.
Sources checked: . Examples are editorial illustrations.
SECR
Streamlined Energy and Carbon Reporting — UK energy and emissions reporting requirements for specified company and LLP categories.
Scope: Check the current eligibility and exemption rules for the reporting entity and period.
Sources checked: . Examples are editorial illustrations.
Severity Rate
A measure relating days lost, or another defined severity measure, to hours worked. Formulas and day-count rules differ between reporting schemes.
Scope: State the numerator, multiplier, population and period. Different reporting schemes use different formulas.
- OSHA: general recording criteria (opens in a new tab)
- BLS: how to compute your firm's incidence rate for safety management (opens in a new tab)
Sources checked: . Examples are editorial illustrations.
SIF
Serious Injury or Fatality — a term used to distinguish severe outcomes and, in potential-SIF reviews, events that could have caused them.
Scope: Define the actual and potential severity criteria before comparing records.
Silica Standard
Two US OSHA standards for respirable crystalline silica: 29 CFR 1910.1053 for general industry and maritime, and 1926.1153 for construction.
Scope: General industry and maritime use an 8-hour time-weighted PEL of 50 micrograms per cubic metre; construction has a separate standard.
- OSHA: silica in general industry and maritime (opens in a new tab)
- OSHA: 29 CFR 1926.1153, respirable crystalline silica in construction (opens in a new tab)
Sources checked: . Examples are editorial illustrations.
SOP
Standard Operating Procedure — documented instructions for carrying out a defined activity consistently, usually as ordered steps with the checks and limits.
Scope: A current procedure still needs competent implementation and review when the work changes.
SWMS
Safe Work Method Statement — a document setting out high risk construction work, its hazards and controls, used in Australian work health and safety law.
Scope: Check the law adopted in the relevant state or territory and the category of construction work.
- Safe Work Australia: construction risk management (opens in a new tab)
- Safe Work Australia: model WHS Regulations (opens in a new tab)
Sources checked: . Examples are editorial illustrations.
T
TapRoot
A structured root cause analysis methodology developed for the nuclear industry, now widely used in oil & gas, chemicals, and aviation. Includes a Root Cause Tree and pre-built corrective action library.
Related guideTCFD
Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures — the body behind recommendations on governance, strategy, risk management, and metrics and targets.
Scope: The task force has disbanded; its recommendations are incorporated into ISSB standards. Check the framework actually required for the report.
Sources checked: . Examples are editorial illustrations.
Toolbox Talk
A short briefing or discussion with the people doing a task or sharing a site, on one topic, covering its hazards and relevant controls before or during work.
Scope: Keep the discussion relevant to current work; a signed attendance record alone does not demonstrate understanding.
Tripod Beta
An incident analysis methodology used in oil & gas and aviation that identifies preconditions and barriers, exposing systemic causes beyond the immediate trigger.
Related guideTRIR
Total Recordable Incident Rate — recordable cases multiplied by 200,000 and divided by hours worked, using the US incidence-rate convention.
Scope: Define the reporting population and period; a low rate alone does not establish control of serious hazards.
V
VPP
Voluntary Protection Programs — OSHA's recognition scheme for US worksites with effective safety and health management systems and low injury rates.
Scope: A US recognition scheme run by OSHA; it is not a legal requirement and not an ISO certificate.
Sources checked: . Examples are editorial illustrations.
VSME
A voluntary sustainability-reporting standard developed by EFRAG for non-listed SMEs, now the basis of the EU voluntary standard and value-chain cap.
Scope: A customer's request for information is distinct from a statutory CSRD reporting obligation.
Sources checked: . Examples are editorial illustrations.
W
Walking-Working Surfaces
US OSHA general-industry rules on floors, stairs, ladders and fall protection, updated by a final rule that took effect in January 2017.
Scope: Check the applicable section, equipment and work activity; construction requirements are separate.
- OSHA: general-industry walking-working surfaces (opens in a new tab)
- OSHA: 29 CFR 1910.28, duty to have fall protection (opens in a new tab)
Sources checked: . Examples are editorial illustrations.
WELL Building Standard
A building standard and certification run by the International WELL Building Institute, organised around concepts such as air, water and light.
Scope: Name the version, WELL v1 or v2, and the project type; levels and requirements are set by the Institute and are not a legal duty.
Sources checked: . Examples are editorial illustrations.
What-If Analysis
A team brainstorming method that asks what-if questions to find hazards, consequences and safeguards in a process or a change.
Related guideWHS
Work Health and Safety — terminology used in Australian workplace health and safety laws.
Scope: Model laws are not automatically the law in every state or territory; verify the local instrument.
Sources checked: . Examples are editorial illustrations.
Z
Zero Harm
An aspirational safety philosophy and goal that no worker should be injured, made ill, or killed by their work. Adopted by many oil/gas, mining, and construction majors as a strategic commitment.
Related guideTurn a definition into a requirement
Describe the task, responsible roles and evidence you need. Use the worked buying brief to prepare comparable questions for suppliers.
See the requirements example